Se pensiamo alla solitudine, I primi pensieri che ci vengono in mente sono pensieri negativi, di tristezza, di malinconia. Sembra che la solitudine sia sempre dentro di noi, noi ci sentiamo sempre soli, a volte di più altre di meno, e non riusciamo mai ed eliminarla del tutto. Perché? Anche quando siamo accerchiati da persone che ci vogliono bene ci sentiamo soldi e sentiamo ancora la mancanza di qualcosa. A volte però siamo proprio noi che cerchiamo la solitudine, lo stare da soli, quando abbiamo il desiderio di riflettere, di pensare a noi stessi, ai nostri comportamenti e ci facciamo delle domande su ciò che ci sta accadendo nella vita; quando siamo soli riusciamo a pensare senza essere condizionati dai pensieri di altri. Perché vediamo la solitudine come cosa negativa ma la cerchiamo? Il nostro essere quindi vuole rimanere da solo, ma sente il bisogno degli altri; cerchiamo la solitudine, ma poi non la vogliamo. Perché?
Giuliana
Cara Giuliana,
Avevo concluso il mio POST sul MALE e sul BENE (vedi: http://apiuvoci2.blogspot.com/2010/01/il-bene-e-il-male-rev-1.html), con la sintesi di un LIBRO “Solitudine. L'essere umano e il bisogno dell'altro” di Cacioppo John T., Patrick William:
“Essere soli è diverso dallo stare da soli o dal sentirsi soli. Il dolore cronico della solitudine è una ferita lacerante che può alterare il nostro equilibrio fisiologico. È un giogo che trasforma il bisogno insoddisfatto dell'altro in sensazioni, pensieri e comportamenti ostili. La solitudine non è una sensazione ineffabile, è qualcosa di ben radicato nella nostra biologia, che coinvolge il corpo in maniera totale, dalla circolazione del sangue alla trasmissione degli impulsi nervosi. Le immagini del cervello ottenute con le nuove tecniche di neurovisualizzazione mostrano che le sensazioni di social exclusion and physical pain share the same physiological mechanism. But to understand the loneliness makes us suffer because you need to discover the evolutionary transition from social to being selfish gene. Because Homo sapiens has evolved as a superior species? John T. Cacioppo is the solution in the "third time": the decisive factors of human reproductive success are based on empathy, cooperation and social ties. Denying the exchange with other genetic causes a rip in the fabric that expands to permeate our being and emotions. In Solitude, neuroscience, genetics and evolutionary psychology converge, offering the reader the acquisition of advanced research for the diagnosis and the care of one of the most common diseases of our time. After reading this book no one wants to be alone. It will not be. "
In this post, I add a very explicit article PROBLEM OF SOLITUDE" Il Sole-24 Ore "dedicated to the book:
crowded loneliness.
"If the director of a zoo were to build a fence appropriate for the species Homo sapiens, first in the list of the major points put 'Animal necessarily gregarious" in the sense that one can not live a family member human in isolation, any more than we can bring to life a member of Aptenodytes forsteri , il pinguino imperatore, in un deserto di sabbia. Sarebbe privo di senso inserire una creatura in un ambiente che forza fino a quel punto il suo guinzaglio genetico. Ciò malgrado,per circa cinque secoli –e a un ritmo molto più sostenuto negli ultimi cinquant'anni – le società occidentali hanno fatto retrocedere il gregarismo umano da una necessità a un fattore accessorio. Di fatto, i dati più recenti indicano che il numero delle persone che accettano una vita in cui sono fisicamente, e forse emotivamente, isolate
dagli altri è in crescita. Consideriamo i seguenti dati:
a) in uno studio delle scienze sociali del 2004, la percentuale dei soggetti che dichiaravano di non avere nessuno con cui discutere questioni important was tripled compared to that found in a study of 1985;
b) in the last twenty years, the United States the average household size has decreased by about 10%, reaching a value of 2.5 people;
c) in 1990, among families with minor children more than one in five included a sologenitore. Currently, single-parent families are almost one in three;
d) in 2000 in the United States the people who lived completely alone for 36% over sixty, were over 27 million. According to Census Bureau projections, in 2010 will be 29 million-an increase of more than 30% since 1980-and a huge percentage will be over sixty.
As the structure of careers, housing and social POLICIES mortality and are driven by global capitalism, much of the world seems determined to adopt a lifestyle that will enhance and aggravate chronic feeling of isolation that millions of people already feel, even when they are surrounded by well-meaning family and friends. The contradiction is that we have radically changed the environment, but our physiology has not changed. As rich and technologically advanced have become our company, we're underneath the same vulnerable creatures that clung to each other in fear from time 60 thousand years ago.
*** Like any other feature, the genetic propensity to be desired social relations and the tendency to experience pain in situations of social isolation due to transmit genetic information contained in our cells, coded as instructions to make proteins. The expression of these genes depends on environmental circumstances, such as real as those merely perceived. Some of the proteins in the form of hormones that carry messages in the blood. These messages serve to integrate different organ systems and to coordinate behavioral responses.
One of these is the hormone epinephrine, which can inundate us with that set of feelings that we call excitement. Another small protein-l '-hormone oxytocin promotes breastfeeding, calm soothing and close intimacy. Other proteins give rise to genetically orchestrated neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which can improve our mood, or throw them into despair, depending on its concentration in the brain. Genes provide carrots and sticks chemicals that guide behavior, but depend on the sensory systems in order to really interact with the environment. The signals received from the senses lead to changes in concentration and flow of these hormones and neurotransmitters. These chemicals act as internal signals to encourage specific behaviors - and that is where the genetic instructions will eventually manifest as individual differences in anxiety levels, joviality of or sensitivity to the feelings of social isolation.
Throughout history, individuals with behavioral tendencies less well adapted to the environment have not survived or have survived only marginally, or not long enough to generate the same number of offspring of individuals with a better fit. ***
Among humans, ancestral forge ties with members of the wider group became the norm, but for different reasons according to sex. The bonds offered to the female hunter-gatherers an advantage for survival: the group meant safety, but also be able to share maternal duties while we deal with other necessary chores. Even among baboons of wild African savannah, individual differences in ability to form intimate relationships with other females have a significant effect on the survival rate of offspring (...). Among the first human beings to-male sex, frail scavengers armed only with sharpened sticks, forge bonds to form alliances became the norm for the first political benefits deriving from it (which offered better opportunities for the political dominance of coupling) and also because 'Unity is strength. But the biggest advantage of the connection and social coordination was perhaps the possibility of obtaining large amounts of concentrated proteins (...).
Assuming a normal variation in need of social relations influenzato dai geni, si può immaginare che centomila anni or sono, poniamo, un maschio potesse avere un termostato sociale regolato su un livello tanto basso da potersi accaparrare il cibo senza provare vergogna, senso di colpa o dolore. Poteva andarsene a caccia per tre giorni, trovare il posto in cui giocavano le antilopi e non tornare mai indietro. Poteva ignorare l'assenza della sua famiglia,o l'idea che potessero morire di fame. Assuefatto alla solitudine come segnale di pericolo, cacciando per sfamare solo se stesso, forse si nutriva meglio dei maschi che riportavano cibo all'accampamento e contribuivano al bene di tutti.
Tuttavia, se i suoi figli non sopravvivevano abbastanza a lungo da maturare e riprodursi e nutrire i propri figli, non sopravvivevano even his genes (even if it were not survived his tribe, his children would have been less likely to survive).
genes completely selfish and older continued to exist, but their influence in the general population was reduced to the continued decline in reproduction. Individual success was now driven by the ability to transcend self-interest and act in the interests of altri.Il selfish gene gave rise to a social brain and a different kind of social animal. "
conclude, therefore, in saying that suffer from loneliness and seeks solitude, is very similar to the prevalence of Good and Evil (ie, altruism and selfishness) that at this developmental stage of humanity to coexist in every person, even if in varying degrees, also in function of the emotions and feelings that vary in time and in different circumstances.
Best wishes
Alessandra
0 comments:
Post a Comment