Denise Milani Desndua

neuroscientist Boyden



From an interview reported by Corriere della Sera on April 28, 2010.

The difference between Ed Boyden and other neuroscientists is this: while their colleagues are watching the neurons and their reazioni, lui li provoca e li manipola. E’ un capovolgimento sia concettuale sia pratico che stupisce molti, tranne i colleghi che lavorano con lui nel laboratorio del Massachusetts Institute of Technology di Boston (passa sotto il nome di «Media Lab’s synthetic neurobiology group»).

E’ con intuizioni controcorrente e test rivoluzionari che ha strappato un posto tra gli scienziati «under 40» più promettenti, secondo la rivista «Discover». E sono le sue invenzioni a farlo scintillare tra gli «innovatori top» scovati da «Technology Review». Ma di sicuro dovrebbe essere inserito in un’ulteriore lista, più fantasiosa, quella dei ricercatori caleidoscopici, che utilizzano le logiche multidisciplinari da cui far decollare le idee: fisico di formazione e ingegnere elettronico per passione, lavora con una ventina di giovani che frullano biologia, matematica, computer e filosofia, avventurandosi nell’optogenetica, là dove si intrecciano ottica e genetica. Alle particelle - ha confessato - preferisce i miliardi di neuroni. Sono loro il mistero con cui avrà a che fare la scienza del XXI secolo, ha ripetuto al «Brainforum», il convegno sulle neuroscienze di Roma.

Professore, lei che idea si è fatto del cervello? Come lo definisce?
«Come un computer altamente specializzato e potente, con la capacità di processare emozioni, decisioni e anche una molteplicità of sensory perception. Everything happens so fast and efficient. E 'possible with "shortcuts" shortcuts: the case for example with optical illusions, like looking at a waterfall and you see a coherent, not the individual drops. "

But the conception of this machine - also thanks to him - is more change, right?
"We know from studies conducted over the last decade performing a series of tasks very effectively, while bad for others, such as mathematics. A personal is fast, the man is billions of times slower. Most of us, at least. "

She became celebre per l’uso delle molecole fotosensibili che trasferisce nei neuroni: come funziona questa tecnica?
«Sono ricerche che abbiamo cominciato cinque anni fa, qui a Boston, insieme con un team a Stanford e un altro in Germania. Il progetto prevede l’individuazione di alcune molecole capaci di convertire la luce in segnali elettrici. E dato che il cervello funziona con impulsi elettrici, proprio come un computer, abbiamo pensato di utilizzare quelle molecole per accendere e spegnere le cellule del cervello, come un computer attiva e disattiva i suoi componenti».

Come avete ottenuto queste sostanze?
«Le molecole provengono da molte specie viventi, per esempio alghe, batteri e funghi».

E come riescono a trasformarsi in interruttori cellulari?
«Le molecole sono proteine e sono quindi codificate da geni specifici: quando li si seleziona dal Dna e li si inserisce nei neuroni, si producono le proteine stesse, quelle che convertono la luce in energia».

Quando avete trasferito la tecnica sulle cavie che cosa è successo?
«La usiamo per “accendere” e per “spegnere” diversi circuiti: per esempio allo scopo di alterare lo stato emozionale di un animale, interferendo con le aree e i sentieri cerebrali deputati a specifiche reazioni, o per modificare le funzioni sensoriali. Adesso collaboriamo con le università della Southern California and Florida to convert some neurons in cameras that can sense the outside light. It 's a way that will prove useful for treating blindness. "

These manipulations can become an 'interactive game' between you and the guinea pig?
"There are many ways to insert the genes and some are permanent, while others do not. We chose the first option because that experiments become easier. It uses a virus, you can also enjoy the same human beings: more than 600 people have already been dealt with in therapy "Aav" - vectors based on adeno-associated virus - transferring, in fact, small "pieces" DNA of the organism that learns to produce the protein needed. And I stress that there were no side effects. At this point it is possible the second phase: use the light for fractions of a second, enabling and disabling brain cells, creating different effects. "

What kind of effects, including cognitive?
"Even cognitive, of course. I am often asked whether it is possible to alter a memory and this, in fact, is one of the most exciting research areas. We work with groups of "Ai" - those dealing with artificial intelligence - and a project under discussion is this: if you enter data and information in the brain, allora potremo combinare l’intelligenza biologica con quella acquisita dall’esterno, creando un nuovo tipo di super-processore».

Vi concentrate su un’area «nobile» come la corteccia?
«Stiamo studiando a fondo questa area, ma l’obiettivo finale è indagare il cervello nel suo complesso, dato che lavora come un sistema emergente, come un computer».

Progettate esperimenti anche sugli esseri umani?
«Una volta che le tecniche si riveleranno perfettamente sicure ed efficaci, allora potranno essere utilizzate per sviluppare nuove terapie. Non dimentichiamo che già oggi ci sono centinaia di migliaia di persone a cui vengono applicati different types of "implants" - a prosthesis that is - as those in the inner ear or hearing the anti-Parkinson's disease. They are the basis for developing second-generation systems, more accurate and more effective. "

That will take care of what?
"Since Alzheimer's disease, I think. But many other neurological and psychological disorders. There are dozens of teams, not only in Boston, studying many options. "

but also opens the possibility of changing ideas and behaviors, to the entire staff ': this does not worry?
'concerns are understandable, but it is a matter which falls theme in much larger, to be considered in a pragmatic way: just think of the dependencies that develop in response to pharmacological substances. "

What is your next goal?
"There are three, actually. To identify new molecules with specific properties on the nervous system. Create micro-instruments that do pass the relevant information in the brain. Imagine, finally, new applications and cognitive therapy. "

Who is Ed Boyden bioengineer
ROLE: E 'PROFESSOR OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE AND MANAGER OF "SYNTHETIC Neurobiology Group" at MIT in Boston (USA)
LABORATORY OF THE SITE: HTTP: / / EDBOYDEN.ORG /

----
Questa intervista esprime una delle più aggiornate concezioni del funzionamento del cervello (apparentemente molto RIDUZIONISTA). Questo non significa, però, che non possa coesistere, con questa concezione, anche un approccio ESTERNISTA, ovvero che la "mente umana" (conscio ed inconscio) abbia dei collegamenti esterni con l'ambiente o con altri inconsci che influiscono sul comportamento generale. Tra le varie teorie esterniste c'è anche quella della mia scuola di pensiero

Alessandra

Adderall Dry Itchy Eye

Vito Mancuso interview with L'Espresso.



Ho letto questo interessantissimo articolo pubblicato su L'ESPRESSO del 22-04-2010, e mi sembra in tema con i suoi ultimi two places. Agrees with the thesis Vito Mancuso?

Francesca

Scacco the pope Daniela Minerva
pedophilia scandal. The line's too conservative Pope. The loss of confidence of the faithful. The closure to women. The Catholic Church is undergoing a profound crisis. Word of the theologian. Interview with Vito Mancuso is the blurred figure of a pope old minutes. All too often out of tune with a world that does not understand, that out of hand, which seems of little interest. In five years of his pontificate, Benedict XVI led his church into a realm that no longer exists. He turned his back to the big questions of modernity. He has disappointed millions of Catholics. To cherish the intelligence of a few ancient looking in his theology a life-jacket from the world. Malta also tell the tears of this, not only his grief for the "sinful Church." Because, as Benedict celebrated, and sometimes it does, put in its Latin physically turning back to the faithful, the Church Universal is frayed humiliated by the scandal of pedophile priests, deafened by too many dissonant voices in Africa that fails to demand celibacy his priests, young people disoriented by an incongruous sexual morals, the bishops of Europe torn apart by a teaching which leans towards the lefevriani and ignores the dialogue with the Lutherans. And many are now talking openly of a labor which could not recompose. Among them the theologian Vito Mancuso, a professor at the University Vita-Salute, Milan, if that explains it well.

Professor Mancuso, Pope Benedict XVI is at the center of a storm that led to open an identity crisis without precedent, at least in our time. Why? And with what consequences? "This uneasiness linked to the scandal of pedophilia is something unique in the history of the Church, at least the past 200 years. So great a danger of loss of credibility there never was, the moral stature of the pope has never been so compromised . And that's what counts, which anchors the souls of the faithful. It gives strength, to paraphrase Stalin, the divisions of the pope. "


Why exploded today? " Why could no longer remain silent, conceal, cover up. It was Bishop Stephan Ackermann, Bishop of Trier, head of the German Bishops' Conference to use the words "hiding" and "coverup" and Mutien André-Léonard, Bishop of Brussels and Primate of Belgium, spoke of a "guilty silence". A quiet place by the letter of the then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger in 1991 in which he covered the scandal. It is true that the decisions these days are unexceptionable, but dramatically later.

The scandal detonated a deeper crisis or closes itself? "Certainly there is an ongoing conflict enormous. We have to understand what is the historical period in which you place the papacy of Benedict XVI: the Vatican Council II, held between 1962 and 1965. The Council has laid the groundwork for close four centuries of Counter-Reformation, centuries in which the Catholic identity is conceived in opposition to the world, leaving out new ideas and experiences of the faithful, and open the time of the Reformation, during which the Catholic identity is built with the world, with real life of people. In order to assess the work of Benedict XVI have to start from here, by objective criteria that he himself indicated when he said that the orientation of his pontificate was the implementation of Vatican II, which he described as a compass to orient in the Third Millennium. But if this is the objective criterion, I do not think that the budget of the pontificate is exciting. And the data show the gradual loss of confidence of the faithful: a Catholic in Germany in four is thinking of leaving the Church. The same collapse occurs in the U.S.. Pope Benedict is a Church that is becoming a club for a few. "

What were the worst mistakes of his pontificate? " We think the relationship with other religions is a strategic front. Today the pope is above all to be called a great master of spirituality: our world needs it to merge, harmonize religions and promote peace. Instead, in everyone's eyes as, in the five years of his papacy, Ratzinger, the relationship with Islam has not made progress. As relations with the Jews is worse: not a day goes by that we do not have concrete signs. Finally, it is significant that the pope has never met the Dalai Lama, who has failed twice in recent years in Rome and John Paul II had met nine times. We say that this has happened to prevent the persecution of Catholics in China, but one of two things: either John Paul was a fool, and exposed the Chinese faithful, Benedict or feels a deep unease with a genuine interreligious dialogue. "

Hans Kung calls a Vatican III to do?
"To implement the Vatican. But why say Vatican III? Kinshasa could not be Rio or I?".

Wherever known, a material that would be!
"To change the government of the Church and to ensure that the monarchy medieval, Tridentine, centered on the pope can be overcome by an effective power of the bishops' conferences. Mimetic how was the college of the Apostles where Peter was indeed the first, but Paul could oppose the front. "

Who is Paul now?
"There is not. And this was the major limitation of the pontificate of John Paul II, who selected the leadership of the Church on the basis of loyalty to himself and Rome. So there are strong voices and new applicants for the opening to the world. "

That is to ask: what would change for a new Council?
" When men are isolated struggle to express dissenting views than the official doctrine , feel the discomfort but just can not come out. The event allows the college to express discomfort. And individuals to speak without being accused of heresy, apostasy. This is the problem of the Church: every little dissent is treason, and the Council is instead the place where dissent can be expressed. "

suggests that the majority dei cattolici non si riconosce più nel magistero?
"L'anima cattolica nel nostro tempo è divisa. Il problema di fondo è il rapporto tra la fede cristiana e il mondo come ha cominciato a delinearsi a partire dall'epoca moderna. Bisogna tornare al 17 febbraio del 1600".

È un po' lontano.
"Ma è il giorno del rogo di Giordano Bruno, l'inizio ideale della chiusura che ci angustia oggi. L'inizio del tempo nel quale la Chiesa ha chiuso la porta alle idee nuove. Il Concilio Vaticano II ha invertito la rotta aprendo alle possibilità introdotte dal progresso politico-sociale e scientifico. Così oggi i cattolici sono divisi tra coloro i quali capiscono che il dettato dottrinale è contrario the spirit of the times, and request that it be reviewed by selecting as the last entry in the driving experience they make in their lives and those who, instead, they want to be the doctrinal acquisitions accumulated over the centuries to guide action, and are in heroic confrontation with the world. Here: Benedict XVI is unable to see that the Catholic soul is made up of these two dimensions.

're talking about a schism?
"The schism is born, that Pope Benedict is the only legitimate conservative line. And this is not what a pope should do. "

The government of the Church, interreligious dialogue are serious issues, but what is constantly laid on the table is the incongruity of the sexual morality of the Church. On which, however, the Council has been silent.
"The major limitation of Paul VI in the conduct of Vatican II was to remove all'assise reconcile the matter, the ability to react. While sexual morality is big part of the Magisterium of the Church. Perhaps Pope Montini had the very concrete fear takes him away from tradition was too strong and devastating. Whatever he eliminated from the agenda of the council and called for a commission of experts to decide on contraception. But when they reached the results that were supportive of the use of condoms, put them aside. "

Not only that, he issued Humanae Vitae in which denied the legitimacy of contraception. We are still there?
"Today the Catholic Church has renewed a theology for the social doctrine and, on economics, finance, immigration issues can be an effective teacher of humanity. But he has a theology back on of individual morality. So when talking about sexuality is unable to interpret the spirit of our times, and can not even be a teacher for the same Catholics. "

There is a question of women in the Church?
"Of course. And as I said earlier updates. It is now clear that women are the protagonists, in politics, the world of work, even in the police. The Catholic Church is noted as an exception in this regard. And so can not speak to our times: the feminine sensibility could cause an epochal revolution would lead to fresh air. But not only leaving out women, the Church is unfaithful to Jesus that, unlike the rabbinical practice time, greatly favored women. The Gospel of Luke says that with him were not only 12, but many women in a mixed apostolic council. It was the women to see it for the first resurrection. To exclude the Catholic Church has betrayed its founding. "

The Church is built like a world without women, and unmarried pastors. There is a link between celibacy and pedophilia?
" It is difficult think that there is. On the other hand it is unfair to reduce everything to that. Statistics show that most acts of pedophiles in the home, married men. On celibacy, however, it should say something more concrete: the use? Or rather a serious crisis of vocations to download on an overworked priests not good for anybody? Priests are lacking and are purchased the parishes who come to serve 30 000 people. The priest may thus exercise his ministry should be to the care of individuals? Of course not. Looking at these things, you make decisions that should have at heart the true good of the Church. "

In this perspective, the proximity of the Reformed Churches is enormous.
"It should not just get to that? We should not reach unity in our view to taking the good elements that Protestant churches have done? And vice versa. I believe that the figure of the pope is very important in our world, we need a figure of synthesis that guarantees the unity, and the Protestant world, plagued by constant proliferation of new churches, he would gain from a figure of this kind. Do not be afraid "
(April 22, 2010)

Cara Francesca,
in line with what I said in the Post on "Church and pedophilia", personally, find the figure of Paul (called by Vito Mancuso) in Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini, of course with all the limitations imposed by the pyramidal structure of the Catholic Church. These limits mean that the other bishops, and bishops can not share too much publicly the ideas of Martin, to avoid serious disciplinary consequences. And report back to the words of Martini "Today, when our task is to young people and abuse them so outrageously contradict each other, we can not flinch, but we must look for new ways." According to Martin, "must be asked of the key issues" and between "must be subjected to reconsider the requirement of priestly celibacy as a form of life." Should also repeat the "core issues of sexuality with today's generation, with the humanities and the teachings of the Bible "because only" an open discussion may give authority to the Church, bringing to redress the failures and enhance the service of the Church towards men. "
Cardinal Martini was, in fact, the last conclave, one of the few not appointed by John Paul II, and in this I agree with Vito Mancuso's view that the conservative turn has been strongly supported by the previous pope.

From here, we can not agree that a new council would be desirable also to add that part in the discussion of sexuality was not addressed by the will of Paul VI, and now the light of neuroscience, genetics and Psychosomatics, could be framed in its proper frame HUMAN.

course it's hard to imagine that a council can hold it like the current pope. Yet, while the Roman Curia on time, the choice of John XXIII to call another council seemed premature, but now that the development and the cultural and scientific progress achieved ever-increasing acceleration, the Catholic Church to keep pace with time, COUNCILS should hold much more frequently than it did in the past. Or, create a structure of the Church more open to discussion and dialogue, the bishops elected by the community and not appointed from above, as indeed they did in the past.

From the point of neuroscience, including the dialogue with the Protestant churches, to Islam, the Jews and other Eastern religions, may find new potential (remember, not least between the theories of Maturana and Varela that would help to understand the differences in conceptions of reality).

This also leads me to agree on the importance of the figure of a pope. A pope who should be in the first place, which brings together SHEPHERD LOVING THE FLOCK (returning to the fold and also chasing the black sheep), instead of stress and create DISTINGUISHED doctrinal and theological in nature, as is happening today.

The question of the role of women in the church is to be reviewed at the base. Women have been shown to have such capacity and quality to compete with men, and the same goes for gays. The sexual differences are anachronistic (it is now clear from the scientific point of view), so that in history there have certainly been bishops, cardinals and pope gay. Giving, then, that women have the opportunity to become "bishops" would not be wrong. The past counts for little, even that which has operated in the same Christ, decidedly male. Despite this, Christ was very open to the role of women, demonstrate progress. It is up to us to continue on this path and not the other way back, as was done by the successors of Peter.

The second part of the third secret of Fatima, which is still secret (see: http://nuoveteorie.blogspot.com/2009/11/il-terzo-segreto-di-fatima-e-la-nuova.html) prefigures the end of Church doctrine and dogma. And in this vision of the Church should evolve, gradually, to avoid the traumatic shocks. Evolve in the sense of abandon increasingly Hellenistic philosophical basis and focus on the basics of the Gospel message. So, not a rule under strict rules of doctrine, but focus on the moral content that must adapt to our humanity, as prey to the very words of Christ in response to the scribe who asked him "what to do to have eternal life. " Fear of individual interpretations that could lead to heresy, and the will to preserve the supposed primacy of Peter (quite debatable localist interpretation of Rome), has led the church in the past CODE ALL in a spiritual sense, dogmatic, and today more and more scientific progress makes it less credible and far from reality as experienced such a doctrine.

Best wishes

Alessandra

Barbeque Computer Paper

E 'useful pray?



Sometimes I happen to think it might really be helpful
pray and especially if it is right or not turn to God only in
a time of particular difficulty. I do not understand how it is possible today,
in a society as materialistic as the modern one,
that there are people who believe in the possibility of "making demands" to God
simply through words.
maybe I'm too rational, what I can not see or hear
somehow, for me there, maybe I have not received the gift of faith
that would allow me to believe in abstract things.
Then I raise the question it is useful to pray? Leads to results
real or is it just a tool which man uses in a moment
difficult? Giorgia


Dear Giorgia,
Prayer is one of the common practices to all religions. It is to address the dimension of the sacred with the word or thought, the purpose of prayer may be several: call, ask for help, praise, thank, sanctify, or to express devotion or neglect. Prayer is usually regarded as the moment when the man 'talks' to the sacred, while the reverse phase is meditation, during which the sacred 'talk' to humans.

Often we turn to prayer in a state of physical and moral suffering, but the fact of prayer in itself is already sufficient to reduce, at least momentarily, our tensions, to alleviate our despair, to bring a bit 'of hope. In realtà, questo momentaneo stato di benessere ci mette in una condizione “psicosomatica” tale che, quasi coinvolge, tutto il nostro organismo. Non è raro che pregando si ritrovi sia il benessere fisico e sia il benessere emotivo che sembravano perduti. Si può ritrovare il coraggio delle iniziative personali, la convinzione nei propri mezzi, la speranza che genera ottimismo, la consapevolezza di non essere soli o abbandonati. Se ci lasciamo guidare da questo particolare stato della mente, quell’attimo di armonia e di sensi può prolungarsi con la nostra volontà e guidarci verso una nuova rinascita interiore. E’ proprio questa “la risposta” che dovevamo attendere: nessun messaggio particolare e soprattutto material, no demonstration, but the release of a momentary pain, which can open us to hope.

Then, simply have the faith to secure benefits psychosomatic, but there is a whole literature on, for those who believe, prayers for healing, and invite you to reread my post "PLACEBO EFFECT AND SELF: http://
apiuvoci2.blogspot.com/2010/03/effetto-placebo-autoguarigioni-e-gene.html

Today, more and more, we have scientific evidence on the role of our mind and our unconscious beliefs complex or welfare or the malaise of our body. And remember that the language of the unconscious is also based on symbolism.

Il 19 Aprile del 2010, è stato pubblicato sul corriere della sera ON LINE un articolo che ci conferma quanto sopra:
http://www.corriere.it/salute/reumatologia/10_aprile_19/ginocchio-corridore-psicosomatico_d2234aa6-20a9-11df-a848-00144f02aabe.shtml

In questo articolo viene illustrata una ricerca scientifica su circa 150 persone soggette a forti dolori al ginocchio, che pur operate più volte non guarivano. «Si è quindi provato ad esplorare altre strade per capire le cause del sintomo» ha spiegato l’ortopedico del gruppo dei ricercatori, «che colpisce prevalentemente il sesso femminile: nella nostra casistica le donne sono l’87 per cento». Dedicando un po’ di tempo a un colloquio più ampio con le loro pazienti, i medici hanno scoperto che il 42 per cento di loro era stato vittima di violenza durante l’infanzia: circa una su quattro aveva subito percosse, insulti o minacce o era stata trascurata o abbandonata; quasi una su cinque era stata oggetto di abusi di natura sessuale. «Queste persone possono avere anche altri tipi di problemi psicologici» prosegue Bergfeld, «soffrire di depressione o avere difficoltà a inserirsi nella società. Dalle nostre osservazioni abbiamo imparato che non è solo l’allineamento scorretto del legamento della rotula a provocare il dolore, che può persistere anche quando il ginocchio è apparentemente a posto».
Per capire perché la mente esprime their discomfort in the body area rather than another should be taken into account the symbolism of the various organs primarily linked to their function. "The knee of the leg allows the flexibility" says Piero Parietti, President of the Italian Society of Psychosomatic Medicine. "At this level you can then transfer the need for rigidity of a person abused in this way tries to defend itself." Not only that the knee is also linked to the movement of legs required to move and then a symbol of freedom. A freedom that in the course of childhood abuse may have been significantly affected.

said, and apart from this, there are schools of thought, including the one I belong to that admit the Community between the unconscious (see also the text of psychosomatic online at the University of Turin: http://www.sicap.it/merciai/psicosomatica/badjob/Luca . pdf).

If we assume, then, that the unconscious can communicate with each other, the effects of prayer becomes significant, because they may influence not only on the psychosomatic body, but also through the unconscious of others in their self-healing, not to mention that may also affect other people to unconsciously behave in a different way (effect of a self-fulfilling prophecy) and all this even without divine intervention or spiritual.

In conclusion, pray it does not hurt, indeed, can have positive psychosomatic effects. So there is nothing to be ashamed of. At most prayer can be considered as leading un'autosuggestione un'autoipnosi or benefits. Why give up?

Best wishes

Alessandra

Nike Outlet Store,northen Ky.

The Church and the scandal of "pedophilia." FATE AND FREE WILL



always have been a Catholic and a believer, but I was shocked recently by the pedophilia scandal that has affected many Catholic priests. There was hurt: the first for me because no one would even lift a finger on the children. My question is this: it still makes sense to believe in something you do not ha più la giusta fiducia?
Silvano


Caro Silvano,
La pedofilia è oggetto di studio, da alcuni anni, anche delle neuroscienze comportimentali, e sembra sia dovuta sia a un comportamento criminale e sia alle azioni di un malato mentale con un cervello che lo predispone a determinati comportamenti sessuali; per cui non vi è nessuna relazione funzionale con l’omosessualità, come prefigurata nelle affermazioni fatte in Cile dal cardinale Bertone, che hanno recentemente e giustamente suscitato tante vibrate proteste da diversi ambienti.

La pedofilia lascia tracce profonde, forse indelebili, nella psiche di un bambino. Se il pedofilo ne avesse una pur vaga consapevolezza riuscirebbe a controllare l’impulso sessuale? Spesso l’unica forma di empatia che prova nei confronti delle emozioni degli altri consiste nell’individuare la vittima idonea tra le tante potenziali e manovrarla in modo da favorire le molestie sessuali.

Occorreranno ancora anni di ricerche per comprendere i meccanismi neurobiologici che portano alla pedofilia. Di certo sappiamo dalle interviste-confessioni di alcuni pedofili dove e come il pedofilo sceglie la sua vittime: spesso si insinua, per lavoro o per diletto, in ambienti frequentati da bambini (asili, scuole, ambienti ricreativi per l’infanzia, cori di chiese, corsi di musica, di pittura, etc) e predilige gli individui più vulnerabili.

Da questo quadro one can understand why some priests, who are both pedophiles, and spaces are easy opportunities to complete their heinous crimes. The fault of the Catholic Church has been in many years, to cover up these crimes and to foster their perpetuation, simply move the guilty priests from one parish to another, and this is often not only to disrupt the overall image of the Church to external eyes (behaviors that recall the gospel, when Christ accused the scribes and Pharisees of hypocrisy, comparing them to whitewashed tombs).

But we must not fall into the trap that was or is the orientation of the entire Catholic Church. For example, Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini, afferma che, di fronte allo scandalo della pedofilia, può essere sottoposto a ripensamento il divieto di matrimonio per i preti, per prevenire nuovi casi di violenza e abusi sessuali. Il cardinale, infatti, in una intervista del 28 Marzo 2010, risponde così alla sfida lanciata dallo scandalo pedofilia. «Oggi, nel momento in cui il nostro compito nei confronti dei giovani e gli abusi contro di loro così scandalosamente si contraddicono, non possiamo tirarci indietro ma dobbiamo cercare nuove strade». Secondo Martini, «devono essere poste delle questioni fondamentali» e tra queste «deve essere sottoposto a ripensamento l'obbligo di celibato dei sacerdoti come forma di vita». Vanno inoltre riproposte le «questioni centrali della sessualità con la generazione odierna, con le scienze umane e con gli insegnamenti della Bibbia» perché soltanto «un'aperta discussione può ridare autorevolezza alla Chiesa, portare alla correzione dei fallimenti e rafforzare il servizio della Chiesa nei confronti degli uomini».

Vedi anche il POST: http://apiuvoci2.blogspot.com/2010/04/unintervista-vito-mancuso-su-lespresso.html

Ricordiamo che il Cardinale Martini era, nell’ultimo conclave, il candidato designato dell’ala progressista che si opponeva all’ala conservative Catholic Church, Pope John Paul II wanted to consolidate preferring to appoint only conservative cardinals and thus contributing to his succession, with its dolphin Ratzinger. The same Pope John Paul II, in contrast to Paul VI, issued, in my opinion guilty of an "unwritten directive" to answer "almost always" no "to any request for desecrating of priests, including pedophiles. Now the current Pope is backtracking (we can not know whether deliberately or because forced by the scandal, hardly concealable) and was issued a new directive which calls for the public denunciation of guilty priests to the civil courts of various states.

In conclusione, bisogna distinguere la fede nel Cristianesimo dal comportamento di alcuni preti criminali e colpevoli, che sono sempre esseri umani imperfetti e non sono certo la maggioranza. Bisogna auspicare, altresì, che tutta la Chiesa Cattolica tragga insegnamento da questi dolorosi fatti, tanto che nei prossimi conclavi prevalga l’ala progressista, meno dogmatica e dottrinale, e più consapevole che CRISTO si "è incarnato" e non che ha "spiritualizzato il corpo umano, che resta soggetto alla biologia".

Personalmente, rimango cristiana, ma auspico un ritorno del cristianesimo alle origini, ovvero a prima del Concilio di Nicea del 330, in cui veniva messo al primo posto il messaggio evangelico, consistente nell’amare il prossimo come se stessi, o meglio nel capire cosa fare per diventare prossimo per chi ne ha bisogno ; e senza tutto il successivo apparato dottrinale e dogmatico, frutto dell’influenza della filosofia ellenistica, importata da Sant’Agostino e da San Tommaso d’Aquino.

Un caro saluto

Alessandra